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Campsall
Campsall, north of Doncaster
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Introduction
Dates are in red.
Hyperlinks to other pages are in dark blue.
Headlines of the history of Bradford are
in brown.
References and citations are in turquoise.
Contextual history is in purple.
Campsall
Ninth Century
The area of
modern Doncaster was likely not open land, but
forested until it started to be cleared in the late Saxon period. At some stage
perhaps from late Saxon times, areas were cleared for settlement in the process
called assarting. The growth of population and villages, including Campsall
and Loversal, by the time of Edward the Confessor
suggest that assarting had been pursued vigorously by that time (South Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the
Deanery of Doncaster in the Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter,
1828, page ix).Joseph Hunter lists 170 vills
of human settlement by the late Saxon period. He suggested that settlement
might have been influenced by the need to cross a watercourse, but often may
have been the inclination of a family to settle on land, which larger grew into
a larger habitation. However he recognises that this
informal process was soon replaced by recognition of rights of occupancy from
the lands of the elite class who owned large estates. It therefore ceased to be
open to every citizen to clear woodland for his own use, but by the Doomsday
record, a right had been recognised in overlordship.
Thus Saxon lords came to surround themselves
with dependents who held portions of land from him, in return for rendering
services. This is reflected in culture such as Beowulf,
which provided an encouragement to live within the protection of the elite
class, as protection against the perils of unsettled places.
1003
Dadesley (now Tickhill) and Doncaster emerged as
burgesses, which in time would become Doncaster. Other centres were emerging
including Campsall,
which was valued at £5 in a census of Edward the Confessor, being one of the
larger settlements.
The larger
seats of population came to be governed under the authority of a bors holder who was elected at a general
assembly. Townships were grouped in tens under a hundreder,
a superior officer who held courts. These hundreds came to be called wapentakes
in the areas to the north. Doncaster came to fall within the wapentake of
Strafford and Tickhill. Doncaster and Loversall
fell within the Wapentake of Strafford. Campsall
fell within the Wapentake of Osgodcross.
(South Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the
Deanery of Doncaster in the Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter,
1828, page xi).
From early times the parish of Campsall
consisted of six townships or hamlets; Campsall,
Askern, Fenwick, Moss, Norton and Sutton.
1086
At the time of the Domesday survey in
1086, the area was in the possession of Ilbert de Lacy, the founder of
Pontefract Castle. Campsall appears twice and both times is referred to as Cansale. Before the conquest Alsi
had two and a half caracutes there. There was
pasturable wood. Ilbert took four caracutes, with two
villeins and three borders. It was rated at £4 before and after the Conquest.
The fact that Domesday does not mention
a church here is no proof that such did not exist, since cases are to be found
where there is similarly no such reference. Yet the existing church contains
work of pre-Conquest date; there may have been merely a chapel attached to the
manor without parochial rights. The earliest existing work in the church is of
twelfth century date.
The manor of Campsall thrived after the
Conquest, rather than retracting, and was largely owned directly by Ilbert de
Lacy (Hunter 1831, 463).
Ilbert de Lacy
was given a broad belt of land across what became the West Riding of Yorkshire.
He took the whole wapentakes of Staincross and Osgodcross. Pontefract was head of his fee, so his estate
was called the honour of Pontefract .
(South Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the
Deanery of Doncaster in the Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter,
1828, page xvii, Vol 2 463).
Twelfth
century
Campsall Priory was an Augustinian
priory founded in the 12th century. The priory played a significant role in the
local community and religious life. Only ruins remain today.
St Mary Magdalene at
Campsall
St Mary Magdalene, Campsall is a large
church with at least two main phases of twelfth century building identifiable:
at first it had a cruciform plan; later, nave aisles enclosing a west tower
were added. Pevsner 1967, 154, says Campsall
church has ‘the most ambitious Norman west tower of any parish church in the
Riding’. Subsequently, alterations were made to the aisle arcades, windows,
chancel and south doorway. The church was restored between 1871 and 1877 by G.
G. Scott (Borthwick Institute Faculty Papers 1871/2
with plan) and piecemeal after. Restoration of stonework on the tower
was in progress in 2005. Romanesque sculpture is on the west doorway and tower;
one chancel window (inside and out); arches at the crossing; and numerous loose
and reset fragments.
By the reign of Richard
I (1189 to 1199) Adam de Reineviles had recovered
seizin of half the church of Camsale against Henry de
Puteaco and Dionysia, his wife. This is the earliest
mention of a church at Campsall, which was probably erected sometime before on
the patronage of the Reineviles and the Lacis, as
patrons.
Hunter 1831, 460, says 'Campsal
church was the joint work of the Lacis, the chief lords, and the Reineviles, the subinfudatories.
It exceded [the churches of Bramwith,
Owston and Burgh] in magnificence as much as it did in the extent of country
that was attached to it'
The Lacis and
the Reinvilles thus united in the foundation of the
church at Campsall, and there were originally two rectors, one appointed by
each family; and this continued until about the time of Henry III . Much of the church of Campsall is the church erected
at this time.
(Hunter 1831, 463, South
Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the Deanery of Doncaster in the
Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter, 1828, Vol 2 page 467, 468).
The Reinevilles
appear to have been succeed by the Newmarches.
1285
Calendar of Patent Rolls,
Edward I: Volume 2, 1281-1292,
in 1285: to deliver the gaol of Oxford of William de Campsale,
who was put in exigent …
1291
The benefice was in the Taxatio of Pope Nicholas IV (1291) and had an annual
value of £66 13s. 4d. By a curious arrangement, the chapel of St. Clement in
Pontefract Castle had a one ninth share in tithe. The probable explanation of
this anomaly is the fact that Ilbert de Lacy and his successors held both
estates and adopted this method of supporting the chapel which was an important
foundation in its own right.
Henry de Laci,
earl of Lincoln, in the reign of Edward II, left a daughter, who was the wife
of Thomas earl of Lancaster, the grandson of Henry III. On the accession of the
House of Lancaster to the throne, the estates of the Lacis came to be held
directly by the Crown, but were held by subinfeuded
persons (South
Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the Deanery of Doncaster in the
Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter, 1828, page xvii).
1293
In the reign of Edward I Henry Lacy,
Earl of Lincoln, Lord of the Honour of Pontefract, obtained a royal
charter for a market at Campsall, which would suggest that it was a
place of some consequence by that time. This charter entitled the village to
hold a weekly Thursday market and an annual four-day fair each July during the
festival of St Mary Magdalene.
The fair continued until 1627.
Circa
1308
Richard of Campsall
Richard of Campsall (Ricardus de Campsalle) (c.1280 to c.1350) was a secular theologian and
scholastic philosopher at the University of Oxford in the early fourteenth
century. He was arguably one of the most important philosophers there just
prior to William of Ockham. Recent research reveals that several views
described as Ockhamist by the end of the fourteenth century possibly originated
with Campsall. A fellow of Balliol College prior to 1306, in 1306 Campsall
became a fellow of Merton College. By 1308 he was a regent master
of arts. He probably read the Sentences at Oxford in 1316-17 (prior to
Ockham). From 1322 to 1324 he was regent master of theology
and in 1325-6 he served as ocum tenens
for the chancellor. How long he lived is open to question, but Synan argues that he lived until about 1350 or
1360.
He was a Fellow of Balliol College and
then of Merton College. He is now considered a possible precursor to the views
usually associated with William of Ockham.
He commented on Aristotle's Prior
Analytics, with emphasis on "conversion" and
"consequences". He is an apparent innovator in speculation about
God's foreknowledge, particularly concerning future contingents, around 1317.
Campsall’s extant works include his Quaestiones
super librum Priorum analeticorum (ca. 1308), the Contra ponentes naturam (on universals), a short treatise on form and
matter (Utrum materia
possit esse sine forma),
and Notabilia de contingencia et presciencia Det, all of which were probably written
about 1317 or 1318 (Tachau 1987, p. 110).
Campsall’s Sentences commentary is not extant, but Walter Chatton,
Adam of Wodeham, Rodington,
Robert Holcot, and Pierre de Plaout
cite him in their Sentences commentaries.
In the Questions on the Prior
Analytics Campsall maintained that training in logic is the basis for all
other sciences. He discussed three major topics: syllogism, consequences, and
conversion. The subject of logic is the syllogism, and knowledge of
consequences and conversion is necessary for the study of syllogism, especially
for converting “imperfect” syllogisms into “perfect” syllogisms (1968, pp. 21-2). In the area of supposition
theory, Campsall proposed views usually first attributed to Ockham, for example,
his distinction between simple and other types of supposition. For Campsall, a
word has “simple” supposition when it stands for a concept in the mind. His
conception of supposition was important for another innovation regarding
paralogisms involving the Trinity and the insufficiency of Aristotelian logic
for dealing with such problems. Gelber has elucidated this issue,
and was the first to draw attention to Campsall’s use of “Anselm’s
rule.” Utilizing this rule, Campsall maintains that the result in trinitarian
paralogism is the fallacy of accident, a view also maintained by Ockham.
Campsall’s use of “Anselm’s rule” greatly influenced Holcot
in his decision to complement Aristotelian logic with the “logic of faith,”
which makes up for the insufficiencies of Aristotle’s logic (Gelber 1974, pp. 260-70).
Campsall proposes an “Ockhamist” view
regarding universals. He argues that universals are not part of existing things, but are singular intentions in the intellect.
Campsall, as a conceptualist, maintains that “the relationship of a universal
intention to many singulars is not grounded in the structure of those singulars
but in the capacity of one universal sign to represent many singulars” (1982, p. 12).
Campsall’s views on intuitive and
abstractive cognition are a response to John Dun’s Scotus,
and were adopted by Rodington and Holcot. Campsall argued that “intuitive” and “abstractive”
cognition are two terms for the same cognition, depending on whether the object
is present (intuitive) or absent (abstractive) (Tachau
1982, pp. 194—5).
(1968), The Works of
Richard Campsall, vol. 1: Questiones super librum
Priorum Analeticorum: MS Gonville
and Caius 668, ed. Edward A. Synan, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval
Studies. (1982), The Works of Richard Campsall, vol. 2, ed. Edward A. Synan,
Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
1324
Writing to the Dean of Doncaster, on 14
July 1324, the archbishop directed the prioress to make Thomas de Raynevill undergo the penance imposed upon him for
committing the sin of incest with Isabella Folifayt,
nun of Hampole. The penance was that on a Sunday,
while the major mass was being celebrated in the conventual church of Hampole, Thomas de Raynevill was
to stand, wearing a tunic only and bare-headed, holding a lighted taper of a
pound weight of wax in his hand, which after the offertory had been said he was
to offer to the celebrant, who was to explain to the congregation the cause of
the oblation. Also that on two festivals more penitencium he should be beaten (fustigetur)
round the parish church of Campsall (A
History of the County of York: Volume 3. Originally published by Victoria
County History, London, 1974).
1328
Calendar of Patent Rolls,
Edward III: Volume 1, 1327-1330,
in 1328: Meldon, parson of the church of Campsale.
July 14. Wenlock. Licence …
1334
The folk of Campsall paid £7 2s 0d in
taxation, the fourth highest contribution in South Yorkshire.
1335
There was a
composition under the sanction of William, archbishop of York, in the time of
Thomas de Bracton, rector and William de Mundene, prebendary of the prebend in the chapel, by which
100 shillings was paid annually by the rector in lieu of tithe (South
Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the Deanery of Doncaster in the
Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter, 1828, Vol 2 p 467).
Close Rolls, Edward III:
June 1335, Calendar of
Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 3, 1333-1337, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Thomas de
Brayton, parson of Campsale church, diocese of
York.
1336
In 1336 there was a composition under
the sanction of the Archbishop of York in the name of Thomas de Bracton, Rector of Campsall, and William de Mudene,
Prebendary of the chapel, by which one hundred shillings was to be paid by the
Rector in lieu of the tithe.
1379
The 1379 Poll Tax suggest some trading
for a chapman (or ‘middleman*) and twelve craftsman. However the town did not become more than a local trading centre.
A Survey in 1627 recorded that The towne of Campsall
had in tymes past the priviledge
of a market, which is now decayed and lost by discontinuance’.
A map of 1740 shows Market Flatt
to the north of the village, which was probably the site of the market.
(The Making
of South Yorkshire, David Hey, 1979, p67 to 68).
1391
Market Privileges
1391-1395, (British History
on Line) 19/10/1391, London, Boston (Lincolnshire),
Campsall (Yorkshire), Aldborough (Norfolk) -Pardon of outlawry to John
Wayte, parson of Campsall, alias of Aldborough, for non-appearance to
answer Roger Broun of Boston, or Walter Godard, citizen and brewer of London,
for debts of £34. and £33. 2s. respectively. [CPR 1388-92, 452]
1415
Calendar of Papal
Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland:
Volume 6, 1404-1415, Camporegali, A. de, 100. Campsall, Campsale
[co. York, W.R.], 384, 411. Camus ... Corryngham, Coringam, Coringham, Coryngham, John, rector of Campsall, 384, 411.
J. L. Kirby, 'Index of
Persons and Places: A', in Calendar of Inquisitions Post
Mortem: Volume 18, Henry IV (London, 1987), pp. 414-418, John, parish clerk of Campsall, 854
1427
Calendar of Papal
Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland:
Volume 8, 1427-1447.
Campsall, St. Mary Magdalen, Campsale [co.
York, W.R.], 16, 662. … Corngham, John, canon of
Windsor, rector of Campsall and St. Michael le Querne,
London, afterwards of Clewer and St. Michael le Querne,
London, 662.
1425
Robert Dykes became rector until he
died, presented by Henry VI.
1429
John Okham became
Rector, presented by Henry VI and resigned to go to the church of Menstoke in Winchester. William Normanton then became
Rector until he resigned.
1443
Robert Ayscough became Rector on 3 March
1443 until he resigned.
1466
Robert Addy became chaplain of Campsall
to the archbishop on 24 May 1466, presented by Edward IV.
1481
A great change took place in 1481 when
Edward IV (in his second period of reign) granted the rectory of Campsall to
the Priory of Wallingwells in Nottinghamshire, a
small house of Benedictine nuns. It was a poor foundation before this gift.
1483
Peter Wylde was presented as vicar of
the church on 18 October 1483, presented by the University of Cambridge.
1482
In the following year Thomas Rotherham,
Archbishop of York, appropriated it to this purpose and decreed that henceforth
the benefice should be served by a Vicar, and gave the appointment to Cambridge
University.
This meant that the church at Campsall
was appropriate to external influences, and the local people were deprived from
having a person from their own community.
(South Yorkshire, the History and Topography of the
Deanery of Doncaster in the Diocese and County of York by Rev Joseph Hunter,
1828, vol 2 page 467).
1505
Richard Balderstone was presented as
vicar of the church on 13 October 1505, presented by the University of
Cambridge and died while vicar.
1507
Henry Swaynborough
became vicar on 26 May 1507.
1536
After the dissolution of the monasteries
under Henry VIII the rectorial tithes passed into lay
hands.
1552
John Lommas BA
became vicar on 16 July 1552 until he died in 1574.
1557
Robert Middleton held the tithe of
Campsall as tenant to the Hastings family of Fenwick.
1564
William Farndell (FAR00063)
married Margaret Atkinson at Doncaster Campsall on 29 October 1564.
1574
John Brooke became rector on 27 March
1574, appointed by the archbishop, possibly because there were questions by
then about the ownership of the university regarding the right to present
vicars.
1579
The rectory of Campsall was granted to
Sir Christopher Hutton.
1585
Sir Christopher Hutton conveyed the
rectory to Edward Heron of Stamford.
1848
A Topographical
Dictionary of England. Originally published by S Lewis, London, 1848: CAMPSALL
(St. Mary Magdalene), a parish, in the union of Doncaster, Upper division of
the wapentake of Osgoldcross, W. riding of York;
containing 2149 inhabitants, of whom 385 are in the township of Campsall, 8
miles (N. N. W.) from Doncaster. The parish consists of the townships of Askerne, Campsall, Fenwick, Moss, Norton, and part of
Sutton; and comprises by computation 9700 acres, of which 1470 are in the
township of Campsall, including the hamlet of Barnsdale. The village is
pleasantly situated on a gentle acclivity, about seven miles distant from the
river Don on the south, and on the north the same distance from the Aire. Stone
of good quality is quarried. Camps Mount, the seat of George Cooke Yarborough, Esq., is an elegant mansion, standing at the head of a fine
lawn, and embowered in luxuriant foliage; and Campsall Park is also a handsome
residence. The living is a perpetual curacy, valued in the king's books
at £16. 16. 8.; net income, £128; patron and impropriator, Mr. Yarborough. The
tithes were commuted for land in 1814. The church is a large ancient edifice, and has some fine specimens of Norman architecture.
The remains of a Roman road may be traced.
1857
Campsall 1857
Sources
St Mary
Magdalene Campsall Parish Records, 1563 to 1992, held by Doncaster Archives,
Reference GB 197 P15, 58 Boxes
Registration: Registers
of Baptisms 1563-1979, Registers of Marriages 1564-1990, Registers of Burials
1563-1974, Registers of Banns 1981-1995, Registers of Services 1902-1992;
Incumbent 1736-1939; churchwardens: terriers (5) 1770-1912, other records
1832-1988 and deeds for various places unrelated to the parish 1682-1795; PCC
minutes 1920-1994 and accounts 1937-1947; schools (miscellaneous) 1861-1940;
other records 1756-1983 including returns for the 1831 census (statistics
only); Tithe approtionment and map for Sutton 1838;
altered apportionments, Sutton and Owston 1852.
P15/1/A:
Composite Registers
P15/1/B:
Registers of Baptisms
P15/1/C:
Registers of Marriages
P15/1/D:
Registers of Burials
P15/1/F:
Registers of Services
P15/1/G:
Miscellaneous
P15/2/A:
Clerical Papers from c16th
Also available:
Index : Bapt 1563-1850 Marr 1563-1837 Bur 1563-1871
The parish
library, a collection of 126 volumes from the period 1573 to 1719 now deposited
at Doncaster Archives, is the subject of M Gallico,
'A Catalogue of the Library of Campsall Church', (unpublished MA dissertation,
University of Sheffield, 1980). A copy is available in the departmental library
of Doncaster Archives.