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The Farndale Timeline 2 The Modern Age 1600 to the present day
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The colour code
key to this page will help to navigate:
Dates
in red.
Royal
history in Blue.
Key National Events in Orange.
Local
history impacting on Farndale history in purple.
Farndale history in green.
Links
to the family trees of the Farndale Lines are in Brown.
The history up to
about 1600 is a common history of all modern Farndales. From about 1600, the
family continues with that common origin, but starts to grow and over time,
diverge. So this second timeline tells of that divergence, and of the various
Lines of Farndales, all related, but paving their own distinct courses over
time. How remarkable it would have been for the early ancestors, to learn about
the diverse and remarkable achievements of their later descendants. We modern
Farndales, can start to envision not only our common ancestry, but our
diversity through the ages which followed.
If Timeline 1 (1000 CE to 1600)
evidences the depth of the Farndales’ history, Timeline 2 (1600 to date)
evidences its breadth and diversity of experience.
A preliminary
note about Cleveland
Timeline 1 (1000 CE to 1600)
is the history of a family which emigrated out of Farndale into the wider area
to the south of the North York Moors, with focused clusters around Bishop
Wilton, York and Doncaster. From the mid
sixteenth century the family had moved north of the North York Moors into
Cleveland and we see the family focused there through the seventeenth into the
early eighteenth centuries. From the early eighteenth century, the family
remained predominantly focused in Cleveland but started to emigrate more widely
again, for instance to the Ampleforth area and
beyond.
So we have a picture of a family focused in Farndale in
the thirteenth century, emigrating out of Farndale into the fourteenth century,
and then moving to focus to the north around Cleveland in the md sixteenth
century.
And
so, we now find ourselves predominantly in Cleveland. Cleveland would find
itself at the heart of the industrial revolution from the mid eighteenth
century, with extensive ironstone mining, alum production and Victorian
building. However in the early years it was described by John Farndale, our
author ancestor, as a sylvan countryside of rural landscape, with adventurers
in the North Sea (then called the German Sea), and tales of smugglers. Some of
the family in the early eighteenth century would find themselves pulled to the
bustling port of Whitby.
1599
On 22 January 1599 William ffarndaill, the
son of George Farndale of the Doncaster-Kirkleatham-Skelton
Line was baptised in Skelton. He married Jane in about 1622
and they lived at Moorsholm and Liverton. William was the Founder of the Skelton 1 Line,
from
which the Great Ayton 1 Line
and the Moorsholm 1 Line
descend.
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1599 to 1682
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1624 to 1659 |
1630 to 1676 Skelton, Moorsholm, Liverton |
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Those Farndales shown below in the timeline who are
descendants of the Skelton 1 Line,
can be identified by the annotation S1.
1600
Elizabeth
I, 1558-1603
The
East India Company began to trade in the Far East.
Population
reached 4.8 million.
1601
The Poor Law placed legal obligation on parishes to
care for those unable to work. Three classes were introduced – the able bodied
poor who were offered work in houses of correction; the impotent; and
persistent idlers.
1602
Georgins ffarndayle
was baptised at Skelton on 28 March 1602. He lived at Liverton/Moorsholm. George is on the direct family line of modern Farndales. See
the
Doncaster-Kirkleatham-Skelton Line.
1603
The
Stuart Line, 1603-1714
James I, 1603-1625
Bubonic plague outbreak in London.
Union of the Crowns of Scotland and England (though the
nations remained separate with their own parliaments).
1604
A
third of the population of York died from plague.
1605
The Gunpowder Plot: A plot in which Guy Fawkes and other Catholic associates conspired to blow up King James VI and I and the Parliament of England was
uncovered.
Adoption of the Union Flag for Great Britain.
1607
14 May 1607 - Jamestown was founded in the Virginia Colony and was the
first permanent English colony in the Americas.
1610
William Camden’s Britannia, the
first county buy county survey of Britain.
1611
John Speed’s The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain
included the first set of county maps of England and Wales.
The publication of the King James Bible.
1616
William Shakespeare died.
1618
The Company of Adventurers of London Trading with ports
in Africa.
The Thirty Years War 1618-1648
1620
The Pilgrim Fathers sailed for America on the Mayflower
to establish Plymouth Colony.
Charles
I, 1625-1649
1627
The
development of Scarborough based on the benefits of ‘taking the waters’.
1630
Population reached 5.6 million.
Public stagecoaches began to operate within a radius of
about 30 miles of London.
1632
On 29 July 1632, Richard Farndale, the
son of George Farndale of the Doncaster-Kirkleatham-Skelton
Line married Emmie Nellice at Liverton. Richard and Emmie
were Founders of the Liverton 1 Line.
They had three sons, but the eldest two sons died within about a year. Richard
was church warden at Liverton Church by 1635.
1634
Nicholas Farndale, son
of George Farndaile of the
Doncaster-Kirkleatham-Skelton
Line was baptised in Liverton on 6 July 1634. Nicholas is on
the direct family line of modern Farndales and Founder of the Liverton 2 Line
(which Line preceded K1 and K2).
1640
The Long Parliament.
1641
The Protestation Oath required adult males to declare allegiance to the King, Parliament and the Protestant religion. About a third of the returns survive.
1642
English Civil War (1642–1651)
Oxford became the Royalist base.
The Battle of Edgehill which was inconclusive.
All theatres closed to prevent public disorder.
1643
Marchamont Nedham and Mercurius Britanicus.
1644
Royalists defeated by Parliamentary troops at the
Battle of Marston Moor.
1645
The Battle of Naseby and the Battle of Langport. The
last Royalist field army was decimated.
1647
The
London Corporation established to build workhouse.
Marchamont Nedham and Mercurius Pragmaticus
(royalist)
1649
January 1649 - Trial and execution of Charles I.
The
Commonwealth, 1649-1653
1651
The Battle of Worcester ended the English Civil War.
1652
The First Anglo-Dutch War, fought mostly at sea.
1653
The
Protectorate, 1653-1660
Marchamont Nedham and Mercurius Poliuticus
(platform for the Commonwealth regime)
1654
James Farndale, the son of William ffarndaill (S1), the Skelton 1 Line), married Isabell in
Skelton. They had one hearth at Moorsholm, and two sons, though the younger son
died within a year. He was Founder of the Moorsholm 1 Line.
1655
British captured Jamaica from the Spanish.
1660
Charles
II, 1660-1685
The Royal Society founded to promote discussion about
scientific subjects.
The start of Samuel Pepys’ diary.
The Tenures Abolition Act ended feudalism.
A poll tax levied on all men and women over 16 years
old annually (until 1697).
The first regular standing army established.
The English Navy became the Royal Navy.
1661
On 19 November 1661,
John
Farndale of Whitby married Alice
Peckock at Whitby Parish Church.
Whilst I have not traced his parents, it seems very probable that he descended
from the Farndales of Cleveland who we have already met, and this was a family
who moved naturally from the Cleveland countryside to the port town of Whitby.
John
and Alice are the Founders of the Whitby 1 Line,
from which the Whitby 2 Line
and the Whitby 4 Line
descend.
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1636
to 1832
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1711 to 1827
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1773 to 1938 Whitby and around |
Those
Farndales shown below in the timeline who are descendants of the Whitby 1, 2 and
4 Lines,
can be identified by the annotation W1.
1662
The Quaker Act made it illegal to refuse to take the
oath of allegiance.
The Settlement Laws made it easier to evict newcomers
if a complaint was made within 40 Days of their arrival. This reduced the
mobility of the poorer classes and discouraged the search for work elsewhere.
Limits to rights to claim poor relief.
The Book of Common Prayer included a prohibited
marriage list.
The Hearth Tax – a shilling to be paid twice a year for
every hearth or stove in all domestic buildings. From 1663, hearths were
listed.
George Farndale was
baptised at Liverton on 10 August 1662.
1663
The first turnpike road was authorised for a section of
the Great North Road.
1664
The Conventicle Act forbade religious meetings of more
than 5 people to discourage on conformity.
The Second Anglo Dutch War, 1664 to 1667.
Impressment into the navy was officially authorised.
1665
The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette).
The Great Plague in London killed over 60,000.
1666
Great Fire of London, 1666
The Burial in Wool Act required woollen shrouds to be
used.
1667
The earliest ships’ muster books.
John Milton’s Paradise Lost.
1670
The population reached 5.7 million.
1671
Establishment of a Board of Customs.
1672 to
1674
The Third Anglo Dutch War – the army was increased to
10,000.
1675
John Ogilby’s Britannia Illustrata
included 100 strip maps of roads in England and Wales.
On 4 October 1675 Richard ffarndaill, a
Yeoman of Brotton, married Martha Sawer. This seems to have been the first
association of the family with Brotton, and perhaps of Kilton. He Founded the Brotton 1 Line.
1680
Headstones began to be widely used to mark a place of
burial.
The Great Comet first identified by telescope.
1681
On 31 October 1681, the administration of the estate of
George ffarndell (son
of William ffarndaill (S1), the Skelton 1 Line), late of Stockton, who died
intestate, was granted to his widow, Merilia. George had founded the Great Ayton 1
Line.
1682
The first settlers arrived in Pennsylvania.
Travels of Celia Fienes
provide detailed information on certain English towns.
1683
The Great Frost – a frost fair held on the Thames.
James
II, 1685-1689
1685
The Bloody Assizes in the south west.
1687
The Settlement Act of 1662 amended so that it was
necessary to establish settlement by occupying property valued at over £10 per
annum for more than 40 days.
1688
The Glorious Revolution.
George Farndale married
Alice Petch at Loftus on 19 April 1688.
1689
William
III and Mary, 1689-1702
Legislation to encourage the consumption of gin rather
than French brandy.
1690
The Battle of the Boyne.
William Farndale was
baptised at Liverton on 23 November 1690. William married Mary Butterwick at
Skelton in 1738. He was church warden in Skelton. He was one of the early
Farndales in Kilton.
William is the Founder of The Kilton 2 Line
which branches into a significant part of the modern Farndale family (the lines
with ** are contemporary lines which still have family members alive today):
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1690 to 1841
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1739 to 1833
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1772 to 1917 Loftus, Brotton,
Whitby, Marske, Middlesbrough |
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The George
Farndale part of the Loftus 2 Line ** 1843 to Date
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1796 to Date
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1814 to Date Stockton,
Middlesbrough and more widely |
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1914 to 1944 Surrey, Sussex |
1932 to Date California,
Oklahoma, Arizona, Washington |
1934 to 1966 Pontypridd,
Glamorganshire |
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1913 to Date Northumberland |
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Those Farndales shown below in the timeline who are
descendants of the Kilton 2 Line,
can be identified by the annotation K2.
1692
The Massacre at Glencoe.
The Royal Hospital at Chelsea was established.
1694
The Bank of England founded by Royal Charter.
1695 to
1699
Large scale emigration from Scotland following famine.
Many settled in Ireland.
1696
County Sheriffs were required to compile poll books of
voters.
A Window Tax replaced the Hearth Tax and led to
widespread bricking up of windows.
1697
Paupers were required to wear badges.
Waymarkers were inscribed on roads.
1698
Between 1698, Isabell ffarndaill, the daughter of Richard ffarndaill, a
Yeoman of Brotton, the Brotton 1 Line had four children out of
marriage.
1699
The first slave ship sailed from Liverpool.
The Standing Army was limited to 7,000 ‘native born’
men.
1700
George Farndale, the
son of Nicholas Farndale, the Liverton 2 Line
(which Line preceded K1), church warden
in Loftus, was fined 1s by the jury of the manor court of north Loftus for
letting his horse go on to the Common.
William Farndale the
son of George ffarndell (S1), the Great Ayton 1 Line,
was
sworn in for jury service in Loftus.
1701
The population reached 6 million.
1702
Queen Anne, 1702-1714
First daily newspaper, the Daily Courant, published in Fleet
Street – it later merged with the Daily Gazetteer.
1704
Marlborough's victory at the Battle of Blenheim, 1704
A Deeds Registry was established in Wakefield
containing over a million records of property ownership, followed by records in
the East Riding in 1708 and North Riding in 1735.
1705
John Farndale
son of Nicholas Farndale,
of the Liverton 2 Line
(which Line preceded K1
and K2),
married Elizabeth Bennison at Brotton on 5 February 1705. By then he was living
in Kilton
and was one of the first members of the family, with his brother George Farndale
(Founder of the Kilton 2 Line),
to live in Kilton. John and Elizabeth were the Founders of the Kilton 1 Line,
a core hub for the development of the history of the wider family.
John
is the Founder of the Kilton 1 Line, which branches into a very significant part of the modern
Farndale family (the lines with ** are contemporary lines which still have
family members alive today):
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1680 to 1973
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1743 to 1797 Whitby, Lythe |
1753 to 1790 Brotton, Skelton |
1788 to Date
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The Australia 1 (Birregurra) Line 1793 to 1923 Birregurra and
Victoria, Australia
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1795 to 1953
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1795 to 2005
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1822 to 1989 Bishop Auckland,
Newcastle |
1827 to 1984
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1836 to Date Ontario via the
Crimean War |
1845 to 1992
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1850 to 1974
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1875 to Date
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The John Farndale
part of the Loftus 2 Line ** 1848 to Date
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1883 to 1928
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1922 to Date Wetherby, Thirsk,
Northallerton |
Hartlepool and
more widely |
1890 to 1934 Illinois, Iowa,
Wisconsin |
1885 to Date California, Texas |
1897 to Date Wensleydale and
more widely |
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1940 to Date Wales particularly
Glamorganshire |
1886 to Date Newfoundland |
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1907 to Date London and Sussex |
1911 to Date London, Bedford,
Northampton, Essex |
1921 to Date London |
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The Robert
Farndale part of the Wakefield 1 Line ** 1885 to date
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1894 to Date Thirsk,
Northallerton, Richmond |
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The Thomas
Farndale part of the Wakefield 1 Line 1839 to 2002 Wakefield and more
widely
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1849 to 1993
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1909 to Date Nottingham and
more widely |
1914 to Date Holderness, Hull |
1947 to Date Wide geographical
spread |
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1909 to Date Bradford,
Chesterfield |
1904 to 1943 South Shields,
Bradford |
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1919 to Date New Zealand,
particularly Masterton |
1940 to Date Cambridge, London,
Middlesex |
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1871 to 1912 Ontario, Canada |
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1866 to Date London and more
widely |
1886 to Date Leicester,
Nottingham and more widely |
1916 to 1945 Bradford |
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Those
Farndales shown below in the timeline who are descendants of the Kilton 1 Line, can be identified by the annotation K1.
1707
The Act of Union established the Kingdom of Great
Britain.
On 11 January 1707 Thomas Farndale (W1), the son of John and Alice Farndale
of Whitby, the Whitby 1 Line,
married Sarah Perkins at Sneaton to the southwest of Whitby.
Thomas was a carpenter.
Lewis
Carrol stayed in Whitby on many occasions. It is thought that he drew his
inspiration for his poem ‘The Walrus and the Carpenter’ from the nearby village
of Sandsend, on the coast to the north west of Whitby.
The
Walrus and the Carpenter Walked on a mile or so, And then they rested on a rock
Conveniently low: And all the little Oysters stood And waited in a row.… The
time has come,' the Walrus said, To talk of many things: Of shoes — and ships —
and sealing-wax — Of cabbages — and kings — And why the sea is boiling hot —
And whether pigs have wings.' But wait a bit,' the Oysters cried, Before we
have our chat; For some of us are out of breath, And all of us are fat!' No
hurry!' said the Carpenter. They thanked him much for that. … O Oysters,' said
the Carpenter, You've had a pleasant run! Shall we be trotting home again?' But
answer came there none — And this was scarcely odd, because They'd eaten every
one."
1708
The earliest artillery muster rolls.
The coldest winter for centuries.
1709
Poor harvests across Europe led to bread riots in
Britain.
1712
Thomas Newcomen’s steam driven piston engine provided
efficient pumping of mines.
1713
The Treaty of Utrecht – Spain ceded Gibraltar and
France ceded Newfoundland to Britain.
1714
The
House of Hanover
George
I, 1714-1727
1715
Jacobite Rebellion of Fifteen, 1715
1718
The first factory opened in Derby, producing silk.
1720
The South Sea Bubble, 1720.
1723
The Black Act added 50 capital offences to the penal
code including some forms of poaching.
Knatchbull’s Act enabled workhouses in parishes.
1724
Daniel Defoe’s A Tour through the whole island of
Great Britain.
1727
George
II, 1727-1760
George
II was born in Hanover the son of George I and Sophia of Celle. He married
Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1705.
1728
Vitus Johanssen Bering reached Alaska.
1729
The first parliamentary acts to curb the consumption of
gin.
Charles Wesley
founded the Methodists at Lincoln College Oxford. See also the Journal of John Wesley.
1730
The first seaside towns appeared in Brighton and
Margate.
Charles ‘Turnip’ Townsend promoted crop rotation.
1732
Unmarried mothers were expected to name the father of
their child under oath during a Bastardy Examination.
1733
Latin was replaced by English in public records.
The invention of the flying shuttle revolutionised
weaving.
Elias Farndale
was born, perhaps around Thirsk, in or about 1733. He married Elizabeth Raper
at Thirsk on 28 February 1753. He is Founder of the Ampleforth 1 Line.
Because I have not yet ben able to identify his parents, I cannot directly link
him, and his descendants into the wider family. It is possible he was not
related to the Farndales who arrived in Cleveland by about 1567. However the
fact that I have only found evidence of Farndales in the immediate centuries
after 1567 in Cleveland, means that I think it is highly probable that Elias
(and therefore his descendants) are somehow linked to the families in Cleveland
who we know about in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In other words
Elias is probably descended from the known family above, but we have just not
yet managed to prove that or establish exactly how he links in. There is a
‘missing link’ here, but it is still probable that he is part of the same family
we have met above.
So,
Elias is the Founder of the Ampleforth 1 Line which branches into a significant part of the modern Farndale
family (the lines with ** are contemporary lines which still have family
members alive today):
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1728 to Date
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1788 to Date
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1826 to Date Leeds and around |
1849 to 1993
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1927 to Date South Australia,
Northern Territory |
1936 to Date Thornaby and more
widely |
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1875 to 1948 Wetherby, York,
Northallerton |
1910 to Date Bradford and
around |
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1870 to 1933 Norwich and area,
and New Zealand |
1911 to Date New Zealand |
1912 to 1945 Uxbridge and area |
Those
Farndales shown below in the timeline who are descendants of the Ampleforth 1
Line,
can be identified by the annotation A1.
William Farndale,
son of John and Elizabeth Farndale
(K1),
the Kilton 1 Line,
married Abigail Gear at Brotton.
1734
Jethro Tull published essays on improving farming
including the use of the seed drill.
Jethro Tull's seed drill
Jethro Tull (1674 – 21 February 1741, New Style) was an
English agricultural pioneer from Berkshire who helped bring about the British
Agricultural Revolution. He perfected a horse-drawn seed drill in 1701 that
economically sowed the seeds in neat rows. He later developed a horse-drawn
hoe. Tull's methods were adopted by many great land owners and helped to
provide the basis for modern agriculture. This revolutionized the future of
agricultural success.
1735
The Hawkhurst smugglers were active across south east
England.
1738
On 28 May 1738, Francis Farndale, son
of Thomas Farndale (W1), the Whitby 1 Line,
a carpenter like his father, married Margaret Spark.
1739
The Great Frost in Britain
The War of Jenkins' Ear, with Spain, 1739 to 1740.
Britain went to war with Spain over Captain Jenkins’ ear, claimed to have been
cut off in a skirmish at sea.
Formation of Methodist Societies around London.
Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York.
Richard "Dick" Turpin (1705 – 7 April 1739)
was an English highwayman whose exploits were romanticised following his
execution in York for horse theft. Turpin may have followed his father's
profession as a butcher early in life, but, by the early 1730s, he had joined a
gang of deer thieves and, later, became a poacher, burglar, horse thief and
killer. He is also known for a fictional 200-mile (320 km) overnight ride from
London to York on his horse Black Bess, a story that was made famous by the
Victorian novelist William Harrison Ainsworth almost 100 years after Turpin's
death. Turpin's involvement in highway robbery followed the arrest of the other
members of his gang in 1735. He then disappeared from public view towards the
end of that year, only to resurface in 1737 with two new accomplices, one of
whom he may have accidentally shot and killed. Turpin fled from the scene and
shortly afterwards killed a man who attempted his capture. Later that year, he
moved to Yorkshire and assumed the alias of John Palmer. While he was staying
at an inn, local magistrates became suspicious of "Palmer" and made
enquiries as to how he funded his lifestyle. Suspected of being a horse thief,
"Palmer" was imprisoned in York Castle, to be tried at the next
assizes. Turpin's true identity was revealed by a letter he wrote to his
brother-in-law from his prison cell, which fell into the hands of the
authorities. On 22 March 1739, Turpin was found guilty on two charges of horse
theft and sentenced to death; he was executed on 7 April 1739.
William Farndale (K2), the Founder of the Loftus 1 Line,
was baptised in Skelton on 3 January 1739. He married Hannah Toes at Lythe
Parish Church in 1761 and was elected and sworn as a constable for Loftus in
1781.
The
Watchmen of the North
Law
enforcement and policing during the 1500's, and earlier, were not administrated
nationally, instead they were organised by local communities such as town
authorities. Within local areas, a constable could be attested by two or more
Justices of the Peace, a procedure that had its roots in an Act of 1673. From
the 1730s, local improvement Acts made by town authorities often included
provision for paid watchmen or constables to patrol towns at night, while rural
areas had to rely on more informal arrangements. In 1737, an Act of Parliament
was passed "for better regulating the Night Watch" of the City of
London which specified the number of paid constables that should be on duty
each night. Henry Fielding established the Bow Street Runners in 1749; between
1754 and 1780, Sir John Fielding reorganised Bow Street like a police station,
with a team of efficient, paid constables.
1740
The death of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1740 led
to the European War of Austrian Succession in which the British and Dutch
supported Marie Theresa’s claim to the Austrian throne against the Prussians
and French. George II personally led his troops at the Battle of Dettingen in
1743, becoming the last British monarch to lead his troops into battle.
On 29 June 1740, Giles Farndale,
son of Thomas Farndale
(W1),
the Whitby 1 Line,
was impressed into the navy. He was almost certainly press
ganged in Whitby, at the age of 27.
Press
gang in the eighteenth century
George Farndale was
buried at Skelton on 20 December 1740.
1741
The Foundling Hospital opened in London, with outposts
elsewhere across the country.
1742
Dr
William’s
Library recorded a general register of births of Protestant Dissenters of the
Three Denominations of Baptists, Presbyterians and Independents.
In
January 1742, Giles Farndale, son of Thomas Farndale (W1), the Whitby 1 Line
died on board HMS Experiment. Giles was a press ganged sailor in the
Caribbean, who served on HMS Experiment and almost certainly fought in
the battle for Cartagena de Indias, during the War of Jenkins’ Ear.
The ‘Experiment’ was
commissioned under Captain Hughes at Deptford between Mar and Jun 1740. On
29 Jun 1740 the ‘Experiment’ was at The Nore (see below), where Giles Farndell
(or Farndale; he is listed under both names in different Muster Books), came on
complement. From
there she sailed for Port Royal, Jamaica (see below) where she arrived on 15
Sep 1740. From there until June 1741 the ship was either in Port Royal, at sea,
or in Cartagena.
Port Royal provided a
safe harbour initially for privateers and subsequently for pirates plying the
shipping lanes to and from Spain and Panama. Buccaneers found Port Royal
appealing. By the 1660s the city had, for some, become a pirate utopia and had
gained a reputation as the "Sodom of the New World", where most
residents were pirates, cutthroats, or prostitutes.
The ship was part of a
squadron sent to the Caribbean to support Admiral Vernon's operations against
the Spanish during the War of Jenkins' Ear. Vernon was also famous
for introducing grog, a mixture of rum and water, to his sailors to prevent
scurvy and drunkenness. He earned the nickname of "Old Grog" because
he wore coats made of grogram cloth.
Vernon suffered his most
humiliating defeat in March 1741, when he led a large amphibious operation
against the port of Cartagena de Indias in Colombia. Despite having a superior
naval and land force, he was unable to overcome the strong Spanish defences led
by Blas de Lezo, and was forced to withdraw after losing thousands of men to
disease and combat.
The battle of Cartagena
de Indias was a major naval and land engagement that took place in March 1741,
during the War of Jenkins' Ear. It was part of Admiral Vernon's attempt to
capture the Spanish port city of Cartagena de Indias, which was a key trading
and military centre in the Caribbean. Vernon had a large force of 29 ships of
the line, 22 frigates, 71 sloops-of-war, 80 troop ships, and 50 merchant ships,
carrying about 12,000 soldiers and 15,000 sailors. He also had the support of
4,000 colonial troops from Virginia and Jamaica. The Spanish defenders were led
by Admiral Blas de Lezo, a veteran officer who had lost an eye, an arm, and a
leg in previous battles. He had only 6 ships of the line and about 2,700
soldiers and 600 sailors, but he also had the advantage of strong fortifications
around the city and the bay. He also had the help of 600 Indian archers and
some local militia. The battle lasted for more than two months, and involved
several naval and land attacks by the British, as well as counterattacks by the
Spanish. The British managed to capture some of the outer forts and batteries,
but they failed to breach the main defences of the city. They also suffered
heavy losses from disease, especially yellow fever and malaria. The British
finally gave up on 20 May 1741, after a failed assault on the Castillo San
Felipe de Barajas, the largest fort in the city. They retreated with about
9,500–11,500 dead and 7,500 wounded. The Spanish lost about 800 dead and 1,200
wounded.
HMS Experiment capturing
a French Privateer in 1757
1745
The
Jacobite Rebellion of Forty Five. The Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, in which
Charles Edward Stuart (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’) landed in Scotland and marched
with a Highland army into England, was defeated at Culloden in 1746 and
Scottish opposition brutally suppressed by George’s second son Prince William,
Duke of Cumberland.
1746
Battle
of Culloden, 1746 - Scots defeated at the Battle of Culloden. Duke of
Cumberland, the King's 2nd son, ruthlessly represses the rebels and Scottish
traditions.
1747
A tax was imposed on all horse drawn carriages.
1750
The population of Great Britain reached 6.5 million.
Whitby
in about 1750
On 11 February 1750, William Farndale
married Mary Taylor at Liverton. William and Mary founded the Kilton 3 Line.
He was a farmer at Craggs, a farm later associated with the Farndale family and
particularly the Craggs Line.
1751
The Army introduced Regimental numbers instead of being
named after the colonel in command and were soon given official titles such as
the “King’s Own”.
1752
Estates forfeited by the Jacobites were bestowed to the
Crown.
14 September 1752, England and Wales adopted the
Gregorian calendar.
1753
The Bow Street Runners were appointed to patrol
London’s streets.
The Licensing Act required the recording of full
registers of victuallers, to be kept by the Clerk of the Peace as Quarter
Sessions.
The
Harbour at Whitby in the eighteenth century
On 10 November 1753, John Farndale, the son
of Thomas and Sarah Farndale
(W1),
and Founder of the Whitby 2 Line, was a seaman named in a
list of 42 of the crew of ‘The Friendship of Whitby’ when James
Cook was Mate (later the famous Captain Cook). John would be about
42 years old.
Ship: "Friendship" of Whitby, owned by John Walker, Grape Lane, Whitby. Richard Allerton, Master, James Cook, Mate. John Farndill, Seaman, 45 years old, Whitby, served seven months 12 days, 30 March 1752 to 12 May 1753. Paid 8/4d muster dues. Prior to this he sailed with Robert Easton of London, but the name of ship is not given. No ship of James Peacock appears in Whitby records, but the name Peacock appears often as crew member in the muster rolls. In fact there was a Captain Peacock still living in Whitby in 1984.
The Friendship of Whitby
was a collier ship that carried coal and other goods between London, Newcastle,
and Norway. On March 30, 1752, the ship sailed from Whitby to London, where it
arrived on April 9. It then sailed to Newcastle, where it arrived on April 18.
It then sailed to Norway, where it arrived on May 3. It then returned to
Newcastle on May 12, and then to Whitby on May 17.
There
also a record that John Farndill sailed on the Three Brothers between 21
November 1751 to 7 January 1752:
1754
Hardwicke’s Marriage Act required marriages to take
place in the parish where either bride or groom had been born. Parties to a
marriage were required to be 21 years old or have parental consent and marry in
a licensed church.
The first printed Army Lists.
1755
Elias Farndale
Junior (A1)(the
pioneer of the Ampleforth 1 Line)
was baptised in Thirsk. He married Dorothy Heseltine on 14 June 1785 at
Ampleforth. By 1788, they lived at Windgate Farm, which may be Windy Ridge at Yearsley.
There is also a resolution of a land dispute in 1835 which referred to land of
Elisha Farndale in that area and near Gilling Moor. There is also reference to
Coxwold, which is nearby. Elias and Dorothy had three sons, who each had
sizeable families.
1756
The Seven Years' War against France, 1756-1763
The Black Hole of Calcutta, 1756
Clive secured Bengal at the Battle of Plassy, India,
1757
The start of privateering from Alderney.
1757
The Militia Act revived county militias. 30,000 men
were raised between 1757 and 1763.
1759
Capture of Quebec by General Wolfe
1760
The industrial revolution began about here.
Robert Bakewell began pioneering innovative
agricultural practices including the selective breeding of sheep.
George
III, 1760 - 1820
1761
The Parliamentary Enclosure Acts between 1750 and 1845
legalised the enclosure of landowners’ property, transforming the countryside.
The Bridgewater Canal opened, followed by a period of
canal building.
John Harrison’s chronometer allowed the determination
of longitude at sea.
1762
Records were required to be kept in metropolitan
parishes of parish poor infants.
1763
Mortimer’s Universal Directory listed retail shops in
London.
William Dade, a Yorkshire clergyman, started the practice to keep detailed parish registers, which practice spread.
1764
James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny.
Lloyds Register of Shipping.
1766
Hanway’s Act required all pauper children under 6 from
metropolitan parishes to be sent to school in the countryside, separating the
children from their parents.
On 24 September 1766, William Farndale, son
of William and Abigail Farndale,
(K1),
the Kilton 1 Line
married Elizabeth Barry at Whitby. He was a master mariner, sailing colliers in
Whitby (like his Whitby 4 Line relatives). Maybe the Whitby 4 Line
is more closely related here? William and Elzabeth were Founders of the Whitby 3 Line.
His son, Robert Farndale, was a
ship’s carpenter, but died in 1796 aged only 23.
1767
I am very grateful to Dr Tony
Nicholson who provided me with the following geographical history of
Kilton. Joseph
Tullie provided an estate plan of Kilton dated 1767:
The area which Tony has kindly highlighted with a
red square shows the village of Kilton at that time. So this was Kilton at the
time of John
Farndale (“Old Farndale of Kilton”).
The smaller red square shows Kilton Hall at the end
of the street. The oblong red shapes show the five houses on each side of the
street, which are described by
John Farndale in his writings. The yellow squares
highlight other houses, scattered elsewhere across the village.
The Kilton of that earlier age, the age of Old
Farndale of Kilton, was a time when Kilton flourished, and where our family that has
lived at Kilton estate upwards of two hundred years were living in Kilton in
large numbers. Indeed as well as the Kilton 1 Farndales, there were other Farndales
of the Kilton 2 Line and
the Kilton 3 Line.
1769
Captain James Cook claimed New Zealand for Britain.
Richard Arkwright patented his water frame.
1770
Captain Cook landed in Botany Bay.
A rise in grain prices saw the potato surpassing bread
as the staple of the working man’s diet.
First water powered mills begin the age of mass
production in factories.
1772
The first Navy Lists were published.
Publication of the first Morning Post.
John Farndale (K2) was baptised in Loftus on 27
October 1772. John was the Founder of the Brotton 3 Line. John married Jane Pybus in 1794.
1773
The Boston Tea Party, 1773
Captain Cook reached Antarctica.
1774
The Madhouse Act required all ‘madhouses’ to be
licensed, and aimed to counter abuses including imprisonment of rejected
spouses. The Act remained in force until 1959.
1775
Watt’s steam engine was patented.
The American War of Independence, 1775-1783
1776
The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776
An Act which allowed decommissioned ships to be used as
prison hulks.
1777
A tax was imposed on male servants.
1778
James Cook and George Vancouver were the first
Europeans to reach British Columbia.
Louis XVI of France declared war on Britain.
On 27 January 1778, George Farndale the
second son of Old Johnny Farndale
(“Old Farndale of Kilton”) and Grace nee Simpson, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line, married Mary Stephenson in
Skelton. George was a butcher in Brotton. George and Mary founded the Brotton 2 Line.
The Butcher of Brotton by 1778
1779
In
the late eighteenth century, the Skinningrove coastline was raided by an
American privateer captained by Paul Jones. Paul Jones was a Commodore in the
American navy, born in Scotland. After raiding the Cumberland coast he was
determined to plunder Whitby, then a wealthy port. He appeared off
Skinningrove, fired into the village and then sent his men ashore on a raiding
party before heading for Whitby. His ship was fired upon by soldiers who manned
a battery above where the Spa now stands, but their cannon exploded and hurled
two soldiers to their death onto the rocks below.
On
20 September 1779, the bailiffs of Scarborough sent an urgent message to
Bridlington to say that a hostile squadron of ships, captained by the notorious
Paul Jones, had been sighted. Three days later four vessels - Bonhomme Richard,
Alliance, Pallas and Vengeance - entered the bay off Sewerby between
Bridlington and Flamborough Head, causing the local people to hide their
valuables and take shelter. But Jones was not interested in small gains - he
was after a much bigger prize. A fleet of English merchantmen was moving along
the coast, protected by two men-o'-war, the Seraphis and Countess of
Scarborough, and they were trying to reach Scarborough harbour for protection
by cannons positioned in Scarborough Castle. They didn't make it.
In
spite of Jones' superior strength and firepower, the two English ships fought
bravely and indeed, the Seraphis was more manoeuvrable than Jones' Bonhomme
Richard. Crowds stood on Filey cliffs to watch this most remarkable of sea battles,
with Bonhomme Richard ramming the Seraphis until the two were locked in what
was described as a deadly embrace. The crews then engaged in hand-to-hand
fighting and close cannon fire. Although the Countess of Scarborough was
beaten, the gallant Seraphis continued to inflict severe damage on the Bonhomme
Richard, so much so that the ship's master gunner hauled down her flag. But
Jones fought on until fire from other American vessel, followed by a cruel
explosion on Seraphis caused her master, Captain Pearson, to surrender.
Jones
then abandoned the Bonhomme Richard with many injured crewmen still on board,
and commandeered the Seraphis to claim victory. For more than 36 hours, Jones
tried to save his stricken ship but, badly holed and damaged by fire, she sank
on September 25 with her pennant still fluttering. Paul Jones watched her sink,
thus making this the only known occasion when a maritime commander won a battle
and then left the scene in a beaten ship. Some reports say Jones left his
injured crew members to go down with her.
1780
Methodist registers began.
The Gordon Riots in London protested against the
Catholic Relief Act.
1782
Gilbert’s Act allowed parishes to form unions to
maintain workhouses for the elderly and infirm.
1783
The Stamp Duty Act introduced tax on baptisms, marriage
and burials (not paupers).
The volcano Laki erupted in Iceland which had
catastrophic effects on European weather and caused many deaths.
The Treaty of Paris created the United States.
1784
The invention of the threshing machine.
The first mail coaches were introduced.
A Game Tax was levied on all qualified to kill or sell
game.
Taxes introduced on owners of hoses used for transport
or racing.
William Pitt was Prime Minister, 1784-1801
1785
First edition of The Times.
A tax was imposed on female servants.
On 22 February 1785 Thomas Farndale, son of
Francis Farndale, (W1), the Whitby 1 Line,
a carpenter like his father and grandfather, married Jane Calvert.
1787
John Farndale son of John and Hannah Farndale
(who had sailed with James Cook) (W1),
the Whitby 2 Line,
was a weaver. On 9 July 1787, regarding his ‘runaway’ apprentice: John
Sanderson, Apprentice to John Farndale, Weaver of Lofthouse, Yorkshire; he is
stout made, a little pitted with the small pox, dark brown hair, and has a bald
spot on the top of his head, occasioned by a fall; he had on when he went off,
a blue jacket, a yellow striped waistcoat, leather breeches, and brown and
white mottled stockings. If the said Apprentice will return to his Master, he
will be kindly received; and any person or persons harbouring or employing him
after this public notice, will be prosecuted with the utmost vigour, and any
person giving notice of the said John Sanderson to the said John Farndale, will
be handsomely rewarded (The Newcastle Courant, 28 July 1787).
On 17 May 1787 John Farndale, son of William and Mary Farndale,
the Kilton 3 Line,
married Ann Young in Guisborough Parish Church. By 1797 the family were farming
in Kilton.
1788
A penal colony was established in Botany Bay in
Australia.
1789
The French Revolution began.
1790
The invention of a new surfacing treatment for roads by
John McAdam.
1791
Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man was
published.
The Canada Act divided Canada into Upper and Lower
Canada.
The Universal British Dictionary
in 5 large volumes gave details of counties, schools and other facilities.
By 1791 John Farndale (“Old
Farndale of Kilton”), born on 28 February 1724, the son of John and Elizabeth Farndale
(K1),
the Kilton 1 Line,
had moved to How Hill Farm on the Wharton Estate at Kilton. He had
previously been a tenant on Cragg Farm, also of the Wharton Estate (see also
the wider family association with the Craggs Line). In 1791, John paid £66 9s
8d for just over 83 acres in Kilton. He was also a merchant and was involved in
the alum trade and he later told tales of smugglers at Cat Nab at Old Saltburn.
John had married Grace Simpson on 16 April 1750.
Alum
was extracted from quarried shales through a large scale and complicated
process which took months to complete. The process involved extracting then
burning huge piles of shale for 9 months, before transferring it to leaching
pits to extract an aluminium sulphate liquor. This was sent along channels to
the alum works where human urine was added. At the peak of alum production the
industry required 200 tonnes of urine every year, equivalent to the produce of
1,000 people. The demand was such that it was imported from London and
Newcastle, buckets were left on street corners for collection and reportedly
public toilets were built in Hull in order to supply the alum works. This
unsavoury liquor was left until the alum crystals settled out, ready to be
removed. An intriguing method was employed to judge when the optimum amount of
alum had been extracted from the liquor when it was ready an egg could be
floated in the solution.
Old Johnny’s grandson, John Farndale, the
Author, wrote of him: ‘My Grandfather, who was a Kiltonian, employed many
men at his alum house, and many a merry tale have I heard him tell of smugglers
and their daring adventures and hair breadth escapes.’
Our
association with the smugglers of Cat Nab at Old Saltburn. There is more about
smuggling at Saltburn and the activities along the North Sea coast in the
eighteenth century in the webpage which records the writings of John Farndale.
John continued, ‘The steward always called old J
Farndale to the vice-chair, he being old, and the oldest tenant. Farndale’s was
the most numerous family, and had lived on the estate for many ages.’ and ‘once,
a year at Christmas – they (the Squire) balanced accounts, over a bottle
of Hollands gin, and after eulogising each other, the squire would rise and
say, “Johnny, when you are gone, there will never be such another Johnny
Farndale”. Old Johnny Farndale died on 24 January 1807.
John Farndale, the
Author, who in 1870 wrote of life in Kilton in the 1790s, also wrote of Samuel Farndale, son of William and Abigail Farndale, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line:
“… Near them is Samuel Farndale and Betty, his
wife, and their five children, one still alive, cabinet makers and joinders,
Wesleyans. They had some land, lived to be old and died in Kilton, respected.”
John Farndale, the
Author later wrote of the eighteenth century Kilton, looking back in time from
1870: “No place can equal Kilton for loveliness”, standing as it does, in
the midst of sylvan scenery, beautiful landscape and woodland scenery, and what
a perfume of sweet fragrance from wild flowers, particularly the primrose-acres
that would grace any gentleman’s pleasure ground for beauty and for loveliness.
Kilton, as it is situated, is fitted only for a prince.”
He added, after listing the many farmers of Kilton,
including several Farndales, Here we have chronicled something like a
genealogy of a race of people once throng the streets of Kilton, but where are
they now to be found? Many of them have gone to their everlasting reward, yet a
few, a small few, remain unto this day. We believe Kilton had the pre-eminence
of many of its neighbouring villages. We knew no poachers, no cockfighters, no
drunkards, or swearers. Kilton people were church-going people, yet, on a
Sunday afternoon, what hosts of young men and young women mustered for play,
their song was: There is little Kilton, lies under yon hill, Lasses anew lad,
come when you will; They’re witty, they’re pretty, they’re handsomely bound, A
lo! for the lasses in Kilton town.
In his memoirs, John Farndale described Kilton "of
great interest with a great hall, stable, plantation and ancient stronghold in
ruins (Kilton Castle)". "It is still a small place" he says
and he describes how many have left it and made their name.
In Impact of Agricultural Change on the Rural Community
- a case study of Kilton circa 1770-1870, by Janet Dowey, she wrote The most
predominant family at Kilton was the Farndales, their ancestry ages old. Its
most distinguished member John Farndale wrote numerous books on the area. Kilton,
the village itself had been a thriving community consisting of a public house,
a meeting house, two lodging houses and a schoolhouse, from which sprang two
eminent schoolmasters. A butcher's shop, a London tailor and his apprentice and
eight others, a rag merchant, a shop which sold some books, pens, needles, tape
and thread. Five sailors, two soldiers, two missionaries plus a number of very
old people. The picture John Farndale paints is of a peaceful rural community
who boasted of no poachers, no cockfighters, no drunkards or swearers. A church
going people who met together on a Sunday afternoon. Kilton at that time had
nearly 20 houses and a population of 140 men, women and children, a Hall,
stables, plantation and the old Castle plus 12 small farms stop when John wrote
these books he was speaking of a time long since gone (the early nineteenth
century), he listed each family that lives lived within the village. Robert
Jolly was a farmer and a staunch Wesleyan. After his death his farm was carried
on awhile by his sons. This being the time of Nelson's death (1805), John goes
on to say that there was great reformation in Kilton estate, "the little
farms were joined together, about 150 acres each. Every farmer had to move to a
new farm. The sons of Robert Jolly each moved away at this time, one became a
lifeguard to George III and the other eventually became a minister. William
Bulmer was another native of Kilton and married with nine children, he made his
living buying and selling, but all his children moved away into 'respectable'
situations."
1792
The first Regency Crisis
1793
War with the French Republic, 1793-1797
The Friendly Societies Act.
1795
The Speenhamland system for poor relief was introduced
offering financial assistance linked to the price of bread, but this effected
the south of England.
The Quota Acts forced counties to supplement
recruitment to the Royal Navy.
Food riots and widespread famine in England following
poor harvests and high prices caused by the war with France.
1796
Chaplains’ Returns recorded baptisms, marriages and
burials overseas.
Edward Jenner’s first vaccination against smallpox.
The Retreat near York opened, offering a more humane
approach to the treatment of persons with mental illness.
The Supplementary Militia Act raised an additional
64,000 men, by ballot, to serve in the war against France.
The Army began to record deaths of serving personnel.
John Farndale (K2) was born at Brotton on 16
March 1796. He married Elizabeth Wallace in 1827, and was a farmer, but may
have suffered bankruptcy, and worked later as a labourer in an iron foundry in
Stockton. He was the Founder of the Stockton 1 Line,
but this family also had an association with Coatham.
John had a large family including another John Farndale(K2), born in 1829, who was a
grocery warehouseman in Stockton; and George Farndale(K2), born in 1835, who was a
druggist, chemist and grocer, but who also suffered bankruptcy. John also had
two sons, William Farndale(K2), and Peter Farndale(K2), who were both solicitors’
clerks, and about whom we know a lot. Peter was a native of Coatham, and from
boyhood worked with the firm of Messrs Faber, Fawcett and Faber in Stockton.
1798
Introduction of income tax.
First War with Napoleon Bonaparte, 1798-1802
Battle of the Nile, 1798
Thomas Malthus’ An Essay on the Principle of
Population.
1799
On 23 April 1799 John Farndale, who may
have been the son of Robert Farndale, (W1), the Whitby 2 Line, married Dinah Boyes in
Loftus. John and Dinah Farndale were the Founders of the Whitby 4 Line.
John Farndale was a carpenter. By 1833, Dinah was widowed and the subject of
the 1837 Poor Law Valuation for Whitby. Dinah Farndale is listed in the returns
for the Royal Hospital Chelsea for payment of Army and other pensions
1842-1883, so John may have served as a ship’s carpenter in the Royal Navy.
1800
Pitt's Bill for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland
into the United Kingdom.
1801
United Kingdom population was 16.3 million.
1802
The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802 improved
conditions of apprentices working in cotton mills.
1804
The first railway steam locomotive.
Napoleon became Emperor of France.
One sixth of British men served in the army or navy.
1805
1805 - the Battle of Trafalgar
In 1805 (it is suggested that this was when celebrating
the Victory of Nelson at Trafalgar, though he would have been 14 then) John
Farndale (FAR00217) fell down a well but was saved by his buckle. But
for that buckle, those Farndales who are descended from John would never have been
born!
1805-1815 - Second War with Napoleon, now Emperor.
John Farndale, later
the author, was the second son of William Farndale (K1), the Kilton 1 Line and he was born on 15 August
1791. In 1870, in The History of the Ancient Hamlet of Kilton-in-Cleveland,
printed by W Rapp, Dundas Street, Saltburn 1870 (see further below), he later
wrote: "My first remembrance began in my nurse's arms when I could not
have been more than 1 1/2 years old; a memory as vivid as if it were yesterday.
She took me out on St Stephen's Day 1793 into the current Garth (a small
enclosure) with a stick and 'solt' to kill a hare. A great day at the time”.
Another time (some say, after celebrating the victory of Trafalgar, 1805) he
was dangling head foremost down the draw well hanging by the buckle of his
shoe. He goes on to describe a very happy childhood and he clearly adored his
mother. "At this time I believe I loved God and was happy."
His parents, he said, "were strict Church
people and kept a strict look out. I became leader of the (Brotton) church
signers, clever in music". He had a close friend, a musician in the
church choir. One day he met him and said he had been very ill and had been
reading a lot of books including "Aeleyn's Alarum" and others "which
nearly made my hair stand on end." His friend told him that he was
going to alter his way of life and if John would not refrain from his
revelries, he would "be obliged to forsake your company".
"That was a nail in a sure place. I was ashamed and grieved as I
thought myself more pious than he. Now I began to enter a new life as suddenly
at St Paul's but with this difference, he was in distress for three days and
nights but for me it was three months". He fasted all Lent and
describes his torment. "How often I went onto the hill with my Clarinet
to play my favourite tune."
But he was revelling again by 1815 (see below!).
In 1805 (it is suggested that this was when celebrating
the Victory of Nelson at Trafalgar, though he would have been only 14 then) he
fell down a well but was saved by his buckle – as he later wrote: “I
remember a draw well stood near the house of my father’s foreman. One day I was
looking into this well at the bucket landing, when I fell head foremost. The
foreman perceiving the accident, immediately ran to the well to witness, as he
thought, the awful spectacle of my last end. I had on at the time a pair of
breeches, with brass buckles on my shoes (silver ones were worn by my father
and others), and to his great astonishment, he found me not immersed in water
at the bottom of the well, but dangling head foremost from the top of a single
brass buckle, which had somehow caught hold.” Anyone directly descended
from John, therefore owes their existence to a shoe buckle!
1806
A military academy opened at Woolwich for the training
of officers.
Napoleon’s attempted economic blockade of Britain.
1807
The import and use of slaves in Britain was outlawed,
but continued in the colonies.
George Farndale (K2) was baptised at Brotton
on 15 March 1807. He married Ann Child in 1842. He was an early Farndale in Kilton
and lived at Sykes House there. He died at only 40 from typhus fever, but Ann
continued to run the farm of 60 acres with three employees after he died. His
son, George Farndale, would
found the Loftus 2 Line.
1808
1808-1814 - The Peninsular War
The County Asylums Act encouraged the construction of
private asylums for the mentally ill.
1809
The Battle of Corunna
The Battle of Talavera
In 1809, John Farndale,
the eldest son of Old Johnny Farndale
(“Old Farndale of Kilton”) and Grace nee Simpson, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line,
was a tenant farmer in Kilton.
There is a detailed record in the Skelton and Kilton Terrier
of John’s fields and acreage and how they were planted in 1809 which can be
seen on his webpage. John Farndale grew wheat and oats and had fields to
pasture and paddock and his farm was enclosed into a stack yard, Broad Garth,
Farndale Barf, Bulmer Barf, Swales Barf, Ward Barf, South and North Cow
Pastures, Chapel Long Close and the Lane from Kilton to Kilton Thorpe.
A
‘terrier’ is a record of filed names, with reference number, land use, acreage
and rent.
John had married Jane Pybus on 23 December 1795. They
had no children.
In 1809, Wiliam Farndale,
a younger son of Old Johnny Farndale
(“Old Farndale of Kilton”) and Grace nee Simpson, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line,
was also a tenant farmer in Kilton.
As with his older brother, John, there is a detailed record in the Skelton and
Kilton Terrier of John’s fields and acreage and how they were planted in 1809
which can be seen on his webpage. William had married Mary Ferguson in
Brotton on 20 September 1789.
William Farndale grew wheat and oats and had fields to
pasture and paddock and his farm was enclosed into the homestead, Garth, Harry
Duck Stank, Stank Head, Ward Fece, Carter Fence, Fece, High Pasture, Pond
Close, Near Pasture, House Stank, Stank Head, Stank Head Close, Kilton Hill,
Long Moor, Beck Close, Square Close and Long Pasture.
William pulled down the old Kilton Lodge, which was connected
to the castle, to build a new house.
William’s son, John Farndale,
the Author, wrote of him:
·
“connected with the castle is Kilton
Lodge which my father pulled down to build a new house.”
·
“And now we come to our grandfather’s
and father and mother, William and Mary Farndale, and their seven children’s
birth place; farmers and merchants of wood, rods, coals, salting bacon; church
people. And those premises are held by our youngest brother, held from
generation to generation this two hundred years. Springing from this roof may
be said to be forty Farndales of this last generation…..”
·
“Then again I see old Cat Nab, where I
have seen piled up thousands of bundles of rods for the northern pits. I can
imagine I see old William Farndale and his host of men and wagons loading with
rods the sloop, ‘The Two Brothers’ and after dining together at David Latter’s
little public house when perhaps another vessel appeared for the next tide
following and those chosen handymen failed not to be in time and on the spot
when all must be done before old Neptune came creeping round, but oft time
Billy and Farmer have been belly deep, yet the work must be done. This was in
Old Saltburn’s prosperity, when gin could be got for a penny a glass, real
Hollands. In former days there were seen oft times near Old Saltburn, two or
three luggers at a time laden with contraband goods and the song of the crews
used to be.”
·
“We now with much pleasure return to
Saltburn by the Sea, where we again view the broad expanse of the ocean, with
its ever restless waves rolling towards the shore. Here stands the conic hill,
Cat Neb, where formerly many ship loads of contraband goods, of every
description, were landed. Round this hill my father used annually to bring
thousands of corf rods to ship for the coal pits in the north, where they are
not now used. What activity there was then at this place, when a vessel lay on
the beach to be loaded with rods, which were brought to the seaside in waggons
accompanied by eight or ten men, under the superintendence of my father,
William Farndale, well known to John Wharton Esq., who by the sale of these
rods received many hundreds of pounds.”
·
John also wrote of his father, Pigs
also, both strong and smaller breed, for many years have been improved. Sir
Lawrence Dundas introduced into his district a fine small Chinese breed, and JH
Wharton, Esq. presented his tenants with one each. My father’s was a fine boar
pig.
1811
Population of the United Kingdom reached 18.5 million.
First Luddite activity, in Nottingham.
1812
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow
The Framebreaking Act imposed the death penalty for
Luddites.
Gas lamps became widely used to light streets.
1813
On 12 December 1813, John Farndale,
son of Samuel
and Elizabeth Farndale, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line
married Ann Nicholson at Danby. He was an agricultural labourer at Danby End
and founded the Whitby 5 Line.
1814
James Pigot published national directories comprising
information about professional people, gentry and nobles, clergy, and coach and
carrier services.
Robert Farndale
(K2) was baptised at Brotton on 27 February
1814. He married Sarah Taylor at Saltburn and became a master grocer in
Stockton. He is the Founder of the Stockton 2 Line.
1815
The Battle of Waterloo. The names of soldiers are
recorded in medal rolls.
John Farndale (K1) wrote “After the great
battle of Waterloo, and Buonaparte had been taken prisoner, that glorious event
was celebrated at Brotton by parading his effigy through the street and burning
it before Mr R Stephenson’s hall, amidst the rejoicings of high and low, rich
and poor, who drank and danced to the late hour. The author formed one of a
band of musicians that played on the occasion, and he composed a song
commemorating the event, which became very popular in that part of the country.
Brotton bever before or since saw the like of that memorable day.”
John Farndale’s ballad to the Victory at Waterloo: Hail!
Ye victorious heroes, England’s dauntless saviours, ye, Who on the plains of
Waterloo, Won that glorious victory. It was a day the world may say, When
Napoleon boldly stood, Upon the plains of the Waterloo, There flowed rivulets
of blood. Before the foe he bravely fought, And when he’d all but won the day,
Would it were night, or Blucher up, Our hero Wellington did say. But now behold
in effigy, Him to whom kings such homage paid, Napoleon mounted on a mule, As
though he were on grand parade, Behold with joy all England sings, Brotton too
is up and gay, The band, the flag, the ball, the dance, Ne’er ceased till the
break of day.
Impressment into the Royal Navy ended.
Mass unemployment followed demobilisation of the army.
First of the Corn Laws helped farmers, but disastrously
impacted upon the poor.
1816
The ‘Year without a Summer’ led to dire harvests.
1817
Maps of most English counties published by the
Greenwood Brothers.
On 10 April 1817, Joseph Farndale, son of
Samuel and Elizabeth Farndale, the
cabinet maker/joiner (K1),
the Kilton 1 Line,
married Mary Hill in Great Ayton. He was a cartwright (like his elder brother William Farndale in
Guisborough) in Great Ayton. He was founder of the Great Ayton 2 Line.
His brother Henry Farndale also moved
to Great Ayton and founded the Great Ayton 3 Line.
On 31 July 1817 Mary Farndale, the fifth child of William and Mary Farndale (K1), the Kilton 1 Line,
died at Easby Hall aged only 21. A teapot with her name
and a verse on it was given by a sea captain friend and recalls her memory.
1819
The Peterloo Massacre – 15 dead and several hundred
injured.
On 20 May 1819, Henry Farndale, son of Samuel and Elizabeth Farndale, the
cabinet maker/joiner (K1),
the Kilton 1 Line,
married Elizabeth Appleton in Great Ayton. He was an agricultural labourer in
Great Ayton. He was later widowed and married Ann Richardson in Great Ayton in
1854. He was founder of the Great Ayton 3 Line.
His brother Joseph Farndale also
moved to Great Ayton, an agricultural labourer, and founded the Great Ayton 2
Line.
George
IV, 1820-1830
1820
The Cato Street Conspiracy was an attempt to
murder all the British cabinet ministers and Prime Minister Lord Liverpool in
1820. The name comes from the meeting place near Edgware Road in
London. The police had an informer and the plotters fell into a police trap and
13 were arrested, while one policeman was killed. Five conspirators were
executed, and five others were transported to Australia.
How widespread the Cato Street conspiracy was is
uncertain. It was a time of unrest; rumours abounded. Malcolm Chase noted
that, "the London-Irish community and a number of trade societies, notably
shoemakers, were prepared to lend support, while unrest and awareness of a
planned rising were widespread in the industrial north and on Clydeside."
First Europeans settled in New Zealand.
1821
Population of the United Kingdom was 20.9 million.
Michael Faraday invented the electric motor.
The Greek War of Independence attracted people from
Britain including Lord Byron.
1822
By 1822, William Farndale (A1), born about 1788 and the eldest son of Elias Farndale and
Dorothy, had loved to Bishop Wilton, to the east of York. He was an
agricultural labourer. He was Founder of the Bishop Wilton Line.
On 29 July 1822, Jethro Farndale, born
in 1791 (A1)
married Alice Clarke at Coxwold. His descendants comprise most of the Ampleforth 1
Line, including those from this Line who are alive today.
In 1822, William Farndale, son
of Samuel and Elizabeth Farndale, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line was a wheelwright and later
cartwright in Nunthorpe, north of Guisborough.
1823
The requirement that either bride or groom were to have
been resident in a parish for 4 weeks was reduced to 15 days.
1824
The Ashanti War
Act to repeal the law allowing magistrates to fix
wages of workmen.
Act repealing law preventing workmen seeking work
from travelling to different parts of the country.
Repeal of the Combination Laws (preventing fixing
of wages by 'combinations' or masters and workers) enabled workers to establish
trade unions.
1825
The
opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway – the first public steam
railway.
On 24 February 1825 John Christopher Farndale
the Elder, son of John and Dinah Farndale, (W1), the Whitby 4 Line
married
Ann Ling in Whitby. He was a painter, and later a farmer and Master Mariner of
Cragg, Whitby (Cragg is along the waterfront on the River Esk at Whitby). We
have extensive records of the maritime exploits of his sons, William Farndale
and John Christopher Farndale the
Younger, who were also Master Mariners and merchant ships’ captains.
You can also read about his own mercantile adventures.
1826
White’s first commercial directory published for Hull
and listing names and addresses.
William Farndale, son
of Richard and Bridget Farndale, the Pickering Line, was born in Pickering.
On
the misty gale-torn morning of 6 September 1826, crashing surf and screeching
winds brought about the end of the Whitby whaler Esk. Grounded just below the
low water line at Marske-by-Sea in Cleveland, 17 miles from home, less than
seven hours saw her a total wreck. Spars, rigging, timbers and cargo were
strewn for miles along the coast.
1827
Greenwood’s Map of London.
The Shepherd’s Calendar,
a poetic account of the cotemporary farming year by John Clare, was published.
Burke and Hare murders in Edinburgh.
On 7 June 1827, Robert Farndale, son of
John and Hannah Farndale
(who had sailed with James Cook) (W1),
the Whitby 2 Line,
who was born on 17 November 1752, was buried at St Mary the Virgin Churchyard,
Whitby. There are several Whitby Farndales buried in that churchyard, though
not all the graves remain.
Bram Stoker used St Mary's Church graveyard as the
setting for a scene in his novel, Dracula (1897): For a moment or two I
could see nothing, as the shadow of a cloud obscured St. Mary's Church. Then as
the cloud passed I could see the ruins of the Abbey coming into view; and as
the edge of a narrow band of light as sharp as a sword-cut moved along, the
church and churchyard became gradually visible... It seemed to me as though
something dark stood behind the seat where the white figure shone, and bent
over it. What it was, whether man or beast, I could not tell. The graveyard
is famous for its association with Dracula. There is a gravestone with a skull
and crossbones, which it is sometimes claimed is the fictional Dracula’s grave,
but in reality was probably the mark of a stonemason. And there is the tale of
a suicide’s grave, where vampires supposedly have to reside: “He pointed to
a stone at our feet which had been laid down as a slab, on which the seat was
rested, close to the edge of the cliff. “Read the lies on that thruff-stone,”
he said. The letters were upside down to me from where I sat, but Lucy was more
opposite to them, so she leant over and read, “Sacred to the memory of George
Canon, who died, in the hope of a glorious resurrection, on July 29, 1873,
falling from the rocks at Kettleness. This tomb was erected by his sorrowing
mother to her dearly beloved son. `He was the only son of his mother, and she
was a widow.’ Really, Mr. Swales, I don’t see anything very funny in that!” She
spoke her comment very gravely and somewhat severely. “Ye don’t see aught
funny! Ha-ha! But that’s because ye don’t gawm the sorrowin’ mother was a
hell-cat that hated him because he was acrewk’d, a regular lamiter he was, an’
he hated her so that he committed suicide in order that she mightn’t get an
insurance she put on his life.”….I did not know what to say, but Lucy turned
the conversation as she said, rising up, “Oh, why did you tell us of this? It
is my favourite seat, and I cannot leave it, and now I find I must go on
sitting over the grave of a suicide.”
Robert Farndale, son of
John and Hannah Farndale
(who had sailed with James Cook) (W1),
the Whitby 2 Line,
may have been the father of John Farndale, Founder
of the Whitby 4 Line.
1828
Perry’s Bankrupt and Insolvent Gazette published
monthly.
An Act to Regulate the Carrying of Passengers in
Merchant Vessels regulated the safety of emigrants to the colonies.
1829
The first Bobbies appointed by Sir Robert Peel.
Stephenson’s steam locomotive won the Rainhill Trials.
John Farndale, later the author, was the second son of William Farndale who farmed at Kilton Hall Farm, (K1), the Kilton 1 Line. It was his younger brother Martin Farnd